Facts & figures

Goals

Our corporate responsibility goals set the course to be followed for the next several years. This section presents these objectives and reports on the progress we've made towards achieving them.

Legend:
  • New goal
  • Goal achieved
  • In progress
  • Goal not achieved

Products

Access to health

We seek to improve access to health for underserved populations in low- and middle-income countries.

Goal: Monitor and assess the progress and efficacy of our Access to Health programs

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Develop quantitative and qualitative performance indicators for the 4 A's: Availability, Accessibility, Affordability, and Awareness.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

Indicators were developed for the 2014 and 2016 CR report for each A of the “4As of Access” framework.

Status:

Goal achieved

Goal: Availability: Address unmet needs through the research, development and refinement of health solutions

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Develop a pediatric formulation of praziquantel to treat in children under the age of six

By when:

2017 (program to enter )

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2015, both the bioavailability trials in healthy volunteers (South Africa) as well as the swill-and spit taste study with school-age children (Tanzania) were completed.

In 2016, we launched a in Ivory Coast to test the efficacy and safety of two different formulations for in schistosomiasis-infected children under the age of six. Results are expected in the course of 2017.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Develop a new anti-malarial drug

By when:

2017 (program to enter Phase I)

Progress by end of 2016:

In March 2015, we obtained the rights to an investigational promising antimalarial compound from Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV). The compound potentially represents a novel mechanism of action and is intended to be developed for both treatment and prevention of malaria in young children. The project completed the preclinical phase in 2016 and is progressing to Phase I to start in 2017.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Develop a new diagnostic kit for measuring the presence and type of malaria parasite, and potentially measure co-infection with HIV based on our Muse Auto CD4/CD4%.

By when:

2017 (for start of clinical testing)

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, the feasibility of two malaria assays was validated and the detection levels are meeting the defined TPPs in terms of specificity and sensitivity for new competitive diagnostic assays.

Status:

In progress

Goal: Affordability: Address inability to pay

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Participate in at least one collaboration with a public partner to share our IP and knowledge of infectious and neglected diseases.

By when:

End of 2018

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Measure(s):

Develop an IP-sharing platform with a non-commercial entity.

By when:

End of 2018

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Goal: Awareness: Empower health workers, communities and people

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Develop an integrated initiative of our Healthcare and Life Science business sectors to raise awareness.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, we initiated the “Water for Health” in Ghana. Our aim is to raise awareness for water quality and to improve local capacity for water testing. The project will be fully operating in 2017.

Status:

Not achieved and postponed

Measure(s):

Through dialogue identify key access challenges and opportunities for our A2H strategy.

By when:

End of 2018

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Goal: Accessibility: Strengthen supply chains and provide localized solutions

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Engage stakeholders to address supply chain and delivery issues in developing countries.

By when:

End of 2018

Progress by end of 2016:

We established the dialogue platform (Accessibility Platform). In 2016, two meetings took place.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Organize one to two meetings of the Accessibility Platform.

By when:

End of 2018

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Measure(s):

Develop a collaboration to improve point of care delivery in developing countries.

By when:

End of 2019

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Safety of chemical products

Our customers should be able to use our chemical products safely.

Goal: Use precautionary principle to establish a globally aligned hazard and risk communication system for all our relevant chemical products in the supply chain

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Implementation of : Register substances produced in quantities of 1-100 metric tons per year (phase 3 of REACH implementation) and register non-phase-in substances.

By when:

Mid-2018

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, we registered 41 phase 3 substances and integrated the relevant substances from the Sigma-Aldrich portfolio into our REACH project.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Implementation of the : Issue for all hazardous substances registered under REACH.

By when:

End of 2020

Progress by end of 2016:

Another five product safety summaries were issued in 2016.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Projects for hazard communication: Update safety data sheets for non-hazardous chemical products.

By when:

End of 2020

Progress by end of 2016:

We have updated safety data sheets for around 30% of all non-hazardous substances (excluding the Sigma-Aldrich portfolio).

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Harmonize safety data sheets to align with a globally uniform standard.

By when:

End of 2020

Progress by end of 2016:

In the course of integrating Sigma-Aldrich, we created a new standard and harmonized hazard communication for roughly 60% of all shared substances.

Status:

In progress

Counterfeit products

We want to reduce the risk of product crime.

Goal: Integrate safety into relevant business processes for Healthcare and Life Science business sectors

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Identify strategic and commercial data that require greater protection; minimize risks by modifying processes.

By when:

End of 2018

Progress by end of 2016:

We performed risk assessments in our Biopharma business.

Status:

In progress

Goal: Step up interdisciplinary collaboration within global networks

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Develop Group-wide guidelines that describe duties and processes.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

The following guidelines were adopted in 2016:

  • Product Crime Investigation Standard
  • Product Security Standard (risk-based approach to authenticating the supply chain, identifying risks, and ensuring supply chain integrity and security)
  • Product crime officers were appointed for all business sectors and subsidiaries.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Expand organizational structures; train and certify employees who deal with product-related crime.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

We developed and implemented a training program for our product crime officers. Our MACON network was expanded.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Implement a Group-wide notification system for counterfeit products.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

We rolled out a new reporting system for cases of product crime.

Status:

In progress

Goal: Educate employees and other target groups on the strategic relevance of counterfeit medicines

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Host conferences and seminars; best practice sharing and lessons learned through international networks.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

We conducted five seminars at sites outside Germany and reported on product crime at internal conferences such as the Global Quality Conference or the Global Drug Safety Academy.

Our product crime officers met at a conference in Darmstadt.

We established anti-counterfeiting networks in high-risk countries, consisting of internal and external partners.

Status:

Goal achieved

Goal: Develop and implement security technology and solutions for supply chain authentication, identification, integrity, and

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Pilot a project to improve product safety in high-risk regions of Africa using software-based solutions.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

 

Measure(s):

Support regional activities to counter product crime.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

We supported 68 investigations across 24 countries in 2016. We participated in workshops and seminars with law enforcement in the United States, Mexico and Singapore and engaged German federal authorities in dialogue.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Monitor the number of unreported cases of counterfeit medicines in select countries and step up internet searches to track down trademark infringement and counterfeit products.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

We collaborated with internal and external partners in high-risk countries to step up efforts of networks to monitor the Internet for incidents of counterfeiting involving our products. We succeeded in significantly raising the detection rate for product crime incidents. Launch “Evaluating product crime in the darknet” project.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Support regional activities in five high-risk countries.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Measure(s):

Monitor counterfeit pharmaceuticals in conventional distribution channels as well as online sales.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Transport & storage safety

In the transport and storage of our products, we seek to prevent risks to people and the environment.

Goal: Ensure warehouse and transport safety for our company and our suppliers

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Integrate all service providers into our audit process.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

All service-provider warehouses have been integrated into our audit process. In 2016, we audited six third-party warehouses (2015: 4).

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Integrate all freight forwarders into our audit process.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, we developed a concept for integrating freight forwarders into our audit process and plan to implement the concept in 2017.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Roll out improvement programs in countries and regions that handle products with special risks where our audits identified need for improvement.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

After a running a pilot program in India in 2015, we successfully made improvements to warehouse and transport safety. In 2016, we also audited suppliers and third-party warehouses to identify improvement opportunities and defined corrective actions.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Analyze safety-related customer complaints to identify necessary improvements for transport and warehouse safety.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2015, we enhanced our packaging concept for certain chemicals. In 2016, we started taking steps to optimize our shipping packaging for customer orders in Asia and South America.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Harmonize transport and warehouse safety master data through global ERP systems.

By when:

End of 2022

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Animal welfare

We work to safeguard the welfare of animals used by our company, contract research organizations, suppliers, and other partners.

Goal: Ensure consistently high quality across our animal facilities

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Inspect Life Science animal facilities in preparation for potential accreditation: Conduct a feasibility study and make a decision about accreditation.

By when:

End of 2018

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Measure(s):

Re-accredit relevant animal facilities.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

Three animal facilities were re-accredited in 2015 and 2016.

Status:

New goal

Goal: Promote the

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Develop a Group-wide 3R program.

By when:

End of 2019

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Goal: Ensure animal welfare in our supply chain

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Identify animal welfare risks in our supply chain and develop a strategy for certifying suppliers.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Employees

Our employees are key to our success, which makes it imperative for us to attract, develop and retain the right talent.

 

Diversity

Goal: In 2011, we set the strategic goal of raising the percentage of leadership roles held by women to 25%-30%.

Status: We achieved this objective in 2016. Group-wide, women currently make up 28.8% of management positions.

Goal: By 2021, we aim to have stabilized the percentage of female managers at 30%, and we are continuing our efforts to raise the percentage of women in leadership roles and business units in which they are still underrepresented.

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Deploy teams at departmental level to develop goals and measures to move women into positions in various units and at various levels.

By when:

End of 2021

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Attractive Employer

Goal: Consistently fill at least two-thirds of positions ranked 16 and up with internal candidates

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Use the Talent Management Process to identify suitable employees with management potential and optimize the process to systematically advance them.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, 81% of our vacant management positions were filled internally.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Build a talent pool that reflects our demographic structure.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

The structure of our talent pool is a reflection of the diversity within our company.

Status:

In progress

Goal: Position Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany as an attractive employer for university graduates

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Participate in university fairs and organize in-house events for graduates; position our company via employer branding channels.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

Thanks to our efforts at fairs and internal events, we succeeded in attracting ten graduates to participate in our Functional Graduate Program by March 31, 2017.

Status:

In progress

Good leadership

Goal: We value good leadership, an approach that enables our employees to unlock their full potential and advance in their careers.

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Have least 50% of managers rated Global Grade 14+ take part in a management program.

By when:

End of 2018

Progress by end of 2016:

Nearly 50% of our top 400 have taken part in our Global Leadership Program, our latest initiative for top leaders. Similar figures apply to our other management programs (AMP, MFP).

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Implement a regularly occurring process to measure employee engagement in an effort to establish a baseline for engagement and define a target.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

At the beginning of 2016, we revised our approach to employee surveys and conducted a company-wide survey. In doing so, we have defined the baseline against which to measure future improvements.

Status:

In progress

Health & safety

Goal: Reduce the lost time injury rate Group-wide (to 1.5 or less).

Status: By 2016, we’d reached this objective with an of 1.3

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Implement the OSHAS 18001 occupational health and safety management system for all Performance Materials production sites.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

By the end of 2016, all Performance Materials production sites had been certified to the international standard 18001. Furthermore, our Life Science sites in Buchs (Switzerland), Bangalore (India) and Irvine (UK) have been included in our Group certificate, as have our pharmaceutical operations at our sites in Goa (India), Atsugi (Japan) and Mollet (France).

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Reinforce our safety culture to prevent behavior-related accidents/Roll out our BeSafe! program at all newly acquired sites and monitor ongoing implementation via appropriate performance indicators.

By when:

End of 2020

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Environment

Environmental stewardship

We want to minimize our environmental footprint and mitigate our impact on the climate as far as possible, which is why we are working to continuously improve energy and resource efficiency while also reducing our emissions.

Goal: Integrate all production sites in the Group certificate for environmental management systems

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

At newly acquired production sites, introduce environmental management systems in line with the Group ISO 14001 certificate and certify them accordingly.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

Seven Sigma-Aldrich production sites had an ISO 14001-certified environmental management system and were transferred to the Group certificate.

Due to the size of the Sigma-Aldrich group and the integration process, the transfer of all sites to the new system must be done gradually.

In 2016, the sites started a gap analysis that is still ongoing.

Status:

In progress

Climate impact mitigation

Goal: 20% reduction in our direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1 and 2) by 2020 (2006 baseline).

Status: By the end of 2016, we had lowered our greenhouse gas emissions by around 10% relative to the 2006 baseline, despite growth in our operating business.

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Systematically examine the energy consumption at our individual production sites.

By when:

End of 2020

Progress by end of 2016:

We continued to systematically examine possible energy savings at our production sites.

In line with the EU Directive on energy efficiency, energy audits were conducted at our sites in Eppelheim and Berlin (Germany), as well as in Calais, Meyzieu and Semoy (France).

In addition, we also performed energy checks at our sites in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Naucalpan (Mexico) and Kankakee, IL (United States).

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Identify potential energy savings and implement appropriate measures.

By when:

End of 2020

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, we completed 42 Edison projects. Around 60% of the Edison projects planned Group-wide have already been or are being rolled out.

In 2017, we intend to launch 81 new projects with the potential to cut CO2 emissions by around 34,000 metric tons.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Reduce process-related emissions.

By when:

End of 2020

Progress by end of 2016:

Our Life Science business sector is making a significant contribution to reducing process-related emissions. In 2014, process optimizations resulted in a two-thirds reduction in our process-related emissions per production unit at our facility in Jaffrey, NH (USA).

In 2015, we initiated a project to further cut emissions that is scheduled to end in 2017. Other projects are in planning.

Status:

In progress

Waste & recycling

Goal: By the end of 2017, set a reduction target for the quantity of waste we generate

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Implement a waste scoring model to quantify our waste reduction efforts and set a baseline.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

We implemented the Waste Scoring Model and expect to have a baseline established by the first quarter of 2017, from which a quantitative target will be set.

Status:

In progress

Water management

Goal: Introduce a sustainable water management system at seven appropriate sites in water-stressed areas and reduce their water consumption by 10% by the end of 2020 (2014 baseline).

Status: By the end of 2016, we had reduced our water consumption at relevant sites by around 12% compared with 2014. Going forward, we want to ensure a 10% sustainable reduction in water consumption.

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

To achieve this goal, we need a variety of primarily local measures tailored to our individual sites.

One inter-site measure is the creation of a water balance to provide a baseline.

By when:

April 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

To help our sites in their efforts, we provided the necessary expertise in the form of documentation and an Intranet site.

Status:

In progress

Goal: Introduce a sustainable water management system at 23 production sites with high water consumption by 2020

Status: Our sites are implementing the water management system in three stages using the CEFIC flagship self-assessment tool. We expect to complete Stage 1 (basic) by April 2017, Stage 2 (progressed) by May 2018 and Stage 3 (advanced) by May 2020.

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Meet the basic requirements set out in the CEFIC flagship self-assessment tool (Stage 1). These include water quantity and quality evaluations at the sites, as well as an environment analysis.

By when:

April 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

The sites will be asked to provide an initial report on their progress in April 2017.

Status:

In progress

Suppliers

Goal: Ensure our suppliers adhere to ethical, social, environmental, and compliance standards.

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Perform a qualitative analysis of the available assessment and audit results and define potential courses of action.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

New Goal

Measure(s):

Create a holistic approach to managing sustainability in global supply chains.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

New Goal

Community

Health

Hand in hand with our partners, we aim to eliminate the tropical worm disease schistosomiasis worldwide.

Goal: Eliminate schistosomiasis in African school children: Since the start of our donation program, 100 million patients have been treated, primarily school-aged children.

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Incrementally increase annual tablet donation by a factor of ten, from 25 million in 2012 to up to 250 million in 2016.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, we boosted our production capacity so as to produce 250 million tablets. In collaboration with WHO, we donated more than 200 million of these for distribution in 33 African countries.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Donate up to 250 million praziquantel tablets annually to WHO for African school children.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Measure(s):

Optimize the praziquantel formulation.

By when:

End of 2019

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, the study design for the bio-equivalence study was approved. The study will be conducted in 2017.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Develop a pediatric formulation of praziquantel for children under the age of six.

By when:

End of 2019

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, we launched a Phase II study in Ivory Coast to test the efficacy and safety of two different formulations for orodispersible tablets in -infected children under six. At the same time, we completed preparation of the Phase III study.

Status:

In progress

Measure(s):

Initiate new partnerships to promote behavioral change in African school children.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

New goal

Measure(s):

Maintain the educational program and provide WHO with educational booklets to teach children about the disease and ways to prevent it.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, we expanded the educational program and donated 340,000 educational booklets to WHO for distribution in 10 African countries.

Status:

New goal

Measure(s):

Position the Global Schistosomiasis Alliance as the key partnering platform for advocacy, implementation, research, communications, and strategy development.

By when:

Ongoing

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Minilab

Through the GPHF Minilab™, we seek to fight counterfeit medicines in developing countries and emerging economies.

Goal: Provide and further develop the portable compact GPHF MinilabTM

Measure(s):

By when:

Progress by end of 2016:

Status:

Measure(s):

Develop new test methods for five active ingredients and expand manuals to describe the new testing methods.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2016, the GPHF developed test methods for five new active ingredients, meaning that a total of 85 test protocols are now available. The manuals have been updated accordingly.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Conduct two training seminars on the use of the GPHF MinilabTM; sell at least 40 Minilabs.

By when:

End of 2016

Progress by end of 2016:

In 2015 and 2016, the GPHF conducted six Minilab training seminars in Tanzania, Angola, Kenya, Zambia, Rwanda, and Mozambique with well over 100 participants. The GPHF sold a total of 109 Minilabs.

Status:

Goal achieved

Measure(s):

Develop new test methods for five active ingredients and expand manuals to describe the new testing methods.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Measure(s):

Conduct three training seminars on the use of the GPHF MinilabTM; sell at least 35 Minilabs.

By when:

End of 2017

Progress by end of 2016:

 

Status:

New goal

Schistosomiasis
A parasitic disease spread in warm lakes and ponds by snails that serve as intermediate hosts.
Phase III study
Phase III studies investigate the efficacy of the biomedical or behavioral intervention in large groups of human subjects (from several hundred to several thousand) by comparing the intervention to other standard or experimental interventions as well as to monitor adverse effects, and to collect information that will allow the intervention to be used safely.
Source: http://www.who.int/ictrp/glossary/en/
Phase I study
Phase I clinical trials test a new biomedical intervention in a small group of people (e.g. 20-80) for the first time to evaluate safety (e.g. to determine a safe dosage range and to identify side effects).
Source: http://www.who.int/ictrp/glossary/en/
Phase II study
Phase II clinical trials study the biomedical or behavioral intervention in a larger group of people (several hundred) to determine efficacy and to further evaluate its safety.
Source: http://www.who.int/ictrp/glossary/en/
Orodispersible tablet
A tablet that dissolves in the mouth within 30 seconds and does not have to be taken with water. The active ingredient is absorbed through the mucous membrane in the mouth and also partly through the lining of the stomach.
Public-private partnership (PPP)
A collaboration between public sector (government) organizations, private companies and/or not-for-profit organizations.
REACH
A European Union chemical regulation (EC No. 1907/2006) that took effect on June 1, 2007. REACH stands for Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals.
Global Product Strategy
An initiative of the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) through which participating companies of the chemical industry make a commitment to comprehensive product responsibility.
Product safety summaries
Intended to provide a general overview of the chemical substance and its use. It cannot take the place of a safety data sheet.
Security
This term stands for all necessary measures and governance activities to detect, analyze, handle, and mitigate security- and crime-based threats to the company. This helps to protect employees as well as the tangible and intangible assets of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
Security
This term stands for all necessary measures and governance activities to detect, analyze, handle, and mitigate security- and crime-based threats to the company. This helps to protect employees as well as the tangible and intangible assets of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
3R principle
The international guiding principle for all animal testing. The number of laboratory animals used as well the stress placed on them before, during and after testing are to be kept to an absolute minimum by using methods to replace animal experiments (replacement), reduce the required number of tests and animals (reduction), and improve the test methods (refinement).
Global Grade
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany uses a market-oriented method to rate positions within the company. The Group has 23 Global Grades that enable a consistent rating system for positions across the organization.
LTIR
The lost time injury rate measures the number of accidents resulting in missed days of work (one or more days) per one million man-hours.
OHSAS
The Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OSHAS) is an international occupational health and safety management system.
Greenhouse gases
Gases in the atmosphere that contribute to global warming. They can be either naturally occurring or caused by humans (such as CO2 emissions caused by burning fossil fuels).
ISO 14001
This international environmental management standard sets globally recognized requirements for an environmental management system.
Schistosomiasis
A parasitic disease spread in warm lakes and ponds by snails that serve as intermediate hosts.