3
Environmental management
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Spending on environmental protection, safety and health (€ million) |
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2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
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Spending |
131 |
140 |
141 |
146 |
142 |
These figures include both investments in as well as internal and external spending on waste and wastewater management, water, occupational safety, fire protection, noise reduction, air pollution prevention, decontamination, preservation of nature and the landscape, climate protection, and energy efficiency.
Greenhouse gas emissions
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Total greenhouse gas emissions (metric kilotons) (Scope 1 and 2 of the GHG Protocol)* |
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in kt |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
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Total CO2eq emissions |
528 |
583 |
497 |
474 |
537 |
502 |
502 |
524 |
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Thereof |
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direct CO2eq emissions |
314 |
367 |
299 |
299 |
348 |
315 |
317 |
343 |
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indirect CO2eq emissions |
214 |
216 |
198 |
175 |
189 |
187 |
185 |
181 |
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Our response to the Carbon Disclosure Project contains a detailed description of our calculation methods.
These figures do not include emissions from using biomass to create energy. In 2013, emissions totaled 5.8 metric kilotons (2012: 5.1 metric kilotons).
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Other relevant indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3 of the GHG Protocol) |
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2009 |
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2011 |
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2013 |
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From air travel (metric kilotons)* |
34 |
29 |
47 |
48 |
63 |
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From rail travel (metric tons)** |
138 |
160 |
121 |
122 |
45 |
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From rental car travel (metric tons)*** |
Not recorded |
Not recorded |
Not recorded |
848 |
1,292 |
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Other air emissions
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Emissions of ozone-depleting substances (metric tons) |
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2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
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Total emissions of ozone-depleting substances |
0.8 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
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CFC-11eq* |
Not recorded |
0.04 |
0.06 |
0.10 |
0.08 |
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Other air emissions (metric kilotons) |
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2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
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VOC (Volatile organic compounds)* |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
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Nitrogen oxide |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
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Sulfur dioxide |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
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Dust |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
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The VOC, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and dust emissions reported here are production-related. These figures do not include emissions from vehicles. Emissions are determined partially based on measurements and partially based on calculations or estimates. Only some sites are required to measure individual parameters.
Transport
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Transport of finished goods, by means of transportation* |
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2010 |
2011 |
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2013 |
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% Truck |
60 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
56 |
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% Boat |
35 |
36 |
36 |
36 |
37 |
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% Airplane |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
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In shipping finished goods from production sites to local warehouses of the legal entities, we are working to reduce the use of air shipping in favor of sea shipping. In doing so, we cut costs and reduce the CO2 emissions incurred by transporting goods.
Resource consumption
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Energy consumption (in GWh)* |
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2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
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Total energy consumption |
1,275 |
1,395 |
1,391 |
1,388 |
1,431 |
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Direct energy consumption |
823 |
905 |
906 |
920 |
968 |
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Natural gas |
742 |
794 |
798 |
818 |
864 |
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Liquid fossil fuels* |
66 |
96 |
95 |
89 |
89 |
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Biomass and other self-generated renewable energy |
15 |
15 |
13 |
13 |
15 |
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Indirect energy consumption |
452 |
490 |
485 |
468 |
463 |
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Electricity |
443 |
480 |
481 |
464 |
458 |
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Steam |
9 |
10 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
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Energy consumption (in TJ)* |
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2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
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Total energy consumption |
4,590 |
5,022 |
5,008 |
4,997 |
5,152 |
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Direct energy consumption |
2,963 |
3,258 |
3,262 |
3,312 |
3,485 |
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Natural gas |
2,671 |
2,858 |
2,873 |
2,945 |
3,110 |
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Liquid fossil fuels** |
238 |
346 |
342 |
320 |
320 |
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Biomass and other self-generated renewable energy |
54 |
54 |
47 |
47 |
54 |
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Indirect energy consumption |
1,627 |
1,764 |
1,746 |
1,685 |
1,667 |
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Electricity |
1,595 |
1,728 |
1,732 |
1,670 |
1,649 |
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Steam |
32 |
36 |
14 |
14 |
18 |
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At our sites in Billerica, Massachusetts (USA), Bedford, Massachusetts (USA), Molsheim (France),Tel Aviv (Israel), and Rome (Italy), we use photovoltaics to produce power.
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Water consumption (in millions of m3) |
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2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
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2013 |
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Total water consumption |
16.2 |
18.0 |
17.6 |
16.3* |
10.0 |
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Surface water (rivers, lakes) |
7.6 |
8.7 |
8.3 |
7.0 |
0.0 |
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Groundwater |
5.7 |
5.5 |
5.7 |
5.3 |
5.8 |
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Drinking water (from local suppliers) |
2.9 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
4.0* |
4.2 |
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Rain water and other sources |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
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Water reused (in millions of m3) |
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Water reused |
not recorded |
not recorded |
not recorded |
17.8 |
16.6 |
The sharp decrease in total water consumption is attributable to the closure of the biopharmaceuticals division site in Geneva (Switzerland). The site utilized surface water from Lake Geneva for cooling and heating purposes. The lake water covered a large portion of the site's energy requirements.
These figures do not include the ground water that we utilize in relation to safety measures at the Gernsheim site in Germany. Here, the water is fed back directly into natural circulation.
Wastewater
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Wastewater volume and quality |
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2013 |
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Total wastewater volume (millions of m3) |
9.3 |
8.8 |
11.1 |
8.5* |
8.6 |
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Chemical oxygen demand (metric tons of O2) |
745 |
967 |
911 |
929 |
756 |
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Phosphorous (metric tons) |
6 |
9 |
8 |
7 |
7 |
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Nitrogen (metric tons) |
48 |
61 |
73 |
76 |
77 |
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Zinc (kg) |
808 |
283 |
248 |
267 |
293 |
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Chromium (kg) |
18 |
20 |
21 |
21 |
23 |
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Copper (kg) |
38 |
40 |
34 |
37 |
36 |
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Nickel (kg) |
38 |
39 |
101 |
101 |
110 |
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Lead (kg) |
32 |
38 |
40 |
35 |
42 |
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Cadmium (kg) |
8 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
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Mercury (kg) |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
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Arsenic (kg) |
8 |
7 |
6 |
3 |
4 |
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The wastewater volume includes indirect discharge into both public and Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany-owned wastewater treatment plants, as well as direct discharge (such as rainwater and cooling water).
Wastewater from the neighboring municipality of Biebesheim is also treated at the wastewater treatment plant at the Gernsheim site in Germany. The communal wastewater from Biebesheim is included in the wastewater volume as well as in the emissions stated in the table.
Emissions are determined partially based on measurements and partially based on calculations or estimates. Only some sites are required to measure individual parameters.
Waste
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Hazardous and non-hazardous waste (metric kilotons) |
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2009 |
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2013 |
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Total waste |
162 |
194 |
200* |
189 |
158 |
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Hazardous waste disposed |
45 |
47 |
43 |
62* |
37 |
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Non-hazardous waste disposed |
21 |
27 |
36 |
36* |
30 |
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Hazardous waste recycled |
29* |
32* |
45* |
48* |
48 |
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Non-hazardous waste recycled |
67* |
88* |
76* |
43* |
43 |
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Exported/Imported hazardous waste (metric kilotons) |
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Export* |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Not reported |
7 |
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Import** |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Not reported |
0.01 |
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Waste by disposal method |
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2013 |
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Total waste (metric kilotons) |
162 |
194 |
200* |
189 |
158 |
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Waste for disposal (metric kilotons) |
66 |
74 |
79 |
98* |
67 |
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Landfill waste (metric kilotons) |
12 |
13 |
14 |
19 |
13 |
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Incinerated waste (metric kilotons) |
54 |
61 |
65 |
79* |
54 |
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Recycled waste (metric kilotons) |
96 |
120 |
121* |
91* |
91 |
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Recycled solid waste (metric kilotons) |
79 |
100 |
97 |
67* |
67 |
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Recycled energy (metric kilotons) |
17 |
20 |
24* |
24 |
24 |
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Recycling rate (%) |
59 |
62 |
61* |
48* |
58 |
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In previous years, there was an increase particularly in the quantities of waste to be disposed of due to extensive construction and renovation projects. After completion of these projects, total waste decreased by 16% in 2013.
